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After Le Corbusier
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The reorganization of the State pf Punjab in 1966 resulted in Chandigarh being declared
a Union Territory besides serving as Capital of Punjab and the newly created State
of Haryana. In the process, Chandigarh became the seat of three governments & gained
in size and stature since it already had a central location in the region and a
sublime environment complementing its growth. Dr. M. S. Randhawa took over as the
first Chief Commissioner of the new Union Territory and was chiefly instrumental
in realization of the IInd phase in 1968 when M. N. Sharma was the chief architect.
This phase of development comprised of 17 Nos. sectors extending from 31 to 47.
The feedback which was gained from the development of Phase-I was wisely invested
into the planning of this phase and certain fundamental improvements were envisaged
in the Sector layout, housing and commercial environment. This phase was planned
for a population of 3.5 lacs with an average density of 60 persons per acre as compared
to 17 persons per acres in Phase-I and comprised of an area of 27 sq. km. The first
phase was developed in 43 sq. km. of area.
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The development and the character of the IInd phase of Chandigarh that emerged gradually
in the three decades of its materialization was largely influenced by the following
attributes:
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The city recorded the highest growth rate (140%) during the decade 1961-71. The
ensuring increase in the administrative workforce that brought more families created
a market for supporting jobs initiating a population boom. In order to tae advantage
of the development potential, the State of Punjab and Haryana set up new capital
city. Migration trends also showed a preference for settlement in the peripheries
of Chandigarh, Panchkula and Mohali, who in turn depended on Chandigarh for infrastructural
facilities.
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The first phase of the city was sparsely populated with residential plots ranging
from 5 marla to 6 kanals. With the immense increase in the population, this trend
was reversed and smaller plots, catering to more number of people were planned.
The highest category of plot in this phase in 2 kanals. The frame controls that
governed the Marla type houses in Phase-I had second floor as Barsati, which was
meant for outdoor sleeping and other activities only. In the new phase, this frame
control was redesigned and provided changed use of space. Open to sky sleeping terraces,
so much part of the Indian life, were provided in the control design.
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Realizing its social obligation to provide economical housing to all strata of the
society, the administration decided to provide multistoreyed housing/flats in the
city. During this phase, housing clusters were created depending on the income levels
of its citizens, viz. Lower Income Group (LIG), Middle Income Group (MIG), and so
on. This move enabled the Planners to attain desired results; namely, denser development
of strong community based living.
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